Posted by admin | Posted in Flashlights | Posted on 24-08-2008
Tags: flashlight, Flashlights, led, lighting, torch
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 UltraFire C8 CREE XM L T6 LED 1000 Lumen Flashlight Torch 5 Mode 2x18650 Charger $16.80 Time Remaining: 8d 21m Buy It Now for only: $16.80 |
 1600 Lumens 26650 18650 CREE XM L T6 LED Flashlight Torch Zoomable M12a KEYGOS $14.99 (1 Bid) Time Remaining: 1h 3m |
 Ultrafire Cree XM L T6 LED 1000 Lumens 3 Mode Flashlight Torch Tactical 501B $10.50 (11 Bids) Time Remaining: 2h 4m |
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 Ultrafire Cree XM L T6 LED 1000 Lumens 3 Mode Flashlight Torch Tactical 501B $9.99 (1 Bid) Time Remaining: 50m |
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 3x CREE XM L T6 LED 3800 LUMEN Torch Flashlight LAMP 18650 6 Batteries+Charger $34.50 (12 Bids) Time Remaining: 1h 2m |
 UltraFire 1000 Lumens 5 Mode CREE XM L T6 Led Flashlight Tactical Torch 501B $10.00 (10 Bids) Time Remaining: 2h 48m |
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 1600 Lumen Zoomable CREE XM L T6 LED 18650 Flashlight Torch Zoom Lamp Light $12.05 (6 Bids) Time Remaining: 1h 44m |
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 UltraFire WF 501B 1000 Lumens CREE XM L T6 LED Flashlight Torch $9.50 (7 Bids) Time Remaining: 1h 18m |
 LED CREE XM L T6 Zoomable 1600 Lumen Flashlight Torch Zoom Lamp 2x 18650 Charger $17.50 (17 Bids) Time Remaining: 3h 45m |
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 CREE XML T6 LED Zoomable Adjustable Focus 3Mode 1000Lumens Flashlight Torchclip $9.50 (6 Bids) Time Remaining: 1h 35m |
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 1000 Lumens CREE XM L T6 LED Flashlight Torch 502 + CH $14.79 Time Remaining: 1h 42m |
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 ZOOMABLE 7W Cree Led Flashlight Torch Q5 LED G3 LED torch 400 lumens Brand New $5.04 (6 Bids) Time Remaining: 1h 47m |
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 1000 Lumen 5 Mode CREE XML T6 LED Flashlight Torch 501B A1 $9.00 (9 Bids) Time Remaining: 1h 44m |
 UltraFire 1600 Lumens Zoomable Waterproof CREE XM L T6 LED Flashlight Torch LAMP $18.99 (1 Bid) Time Remaining: 1h 32m |
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 SKYRAY 4000 Lumens 3x CREE XM L XML T6 LED Flashlight Torch $24.99 Time Remaining: 2h 23m |
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 Super Bright CREE SST 50 LED 1600 Lumens Flashlight Torch + Holster $15.50 (8 Bids) Time Remaining: 2h 55m |
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 UltraFire Cree XM L T6 LED 1000 Lumens 3 Mode Flashlight Torch Tactical 501B $5.50 (2 Bids) Time Remaining: 21h 12m |
 6000 Lumen 5 x CREE XML XM L T6 LED Flashlight 5 Modes 20W 18650 Torch Hi Power $8.50 (5 Bids) Time Remaining: 17h 22m |
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 UltraFire 1000 Lumens CREE XM L T6 502B LED Flashlight Torch $9.99 Time Remaining: 58m |
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 1600lm Lumen CREE XML XM L T6 Zoomable Flashlight Torch $13.57 (14 Bids) Time Remaining: 4h 54m |
 TrustFire 3800Lumens 3x CREE XML XM L T6 3t6 LED Flashlight 18650 Torch $15.50 (12 Bids) Time Remaining: 1d 18h 23m |
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 CREE XM L T6 1600 LUMEN Torch Flashlight LAMP 1x18650 7 MODES BATTERIES+CHARGER $0.24 (3 Bids) Time Remaining: 22h 56m |
 CREE Q5 LED 7 Watt 300Lumen Zoom in out Bright Mini Flashlight Torch Light $5.89 Time Remaining: 28d 12h 26m Buy It Now for only: $5.89 |
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 1600 Lumens CREE XM L T6 LED Flashlight Torch 1600Lm Zoomable Z4 $14.99 Time Remaining: 2h 6m |
 1600 Lumen Zoomable CREE XM L T6 LED 18650 Flashlight Torch Zoom Lamp Light $6.05 (9 Bids) Time Remaining: 18h 53m |
 UltraFire Adjustable 1600 lumens CREE XM L T6 LED Flashlight Torch Light 5 mode $18.04 Time Remaining: 26d 9h 23m Buy It Now for only: $18.04 |
 CREE XM L T6 1600 LUMEN TORCH Flashlight Lamp 1x18650 7 MODES BATTERIES+CHARGER $14.50 (9 Bids) Time Remaining: 2h 19m |
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 6000 Lumen 5 x CREE XML XM L T6 LED Flashlight 5 Modes 20W 18650 Torch Hi Power $27.45 (15 Bids) Time Remaining: 7h 59m |
 8500 Lumen 7x CREE XM L T6 LED Bulb Flashlight Torch 3x 26650 45W Lamp Light 7T6 $48.00 (20 Bids) Time Remaining: 22h 56m |
 Cree Led 800 Lumens Flashlight Camping Torch Lamp S R5 $12.99 Time Remaining: 1d 12h 4m Buy It Now for only: $12.99 |
 TrustFire TR 3T6 3800 Lumens 3x CREE XML XM L T6 LED Flashlight Torch 5 Mode $15.50 (7 Bids) Time Remaining: 2d 7h 6m |
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New 3-Mode SSC-P7 900Lumen Flashlight Plus 18650 Dual Charger
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DescriptionNew 3-Mode SSC-P7 900Lumen Flashlight Plus 18650 Dual Charger * Brand: UltraFire |
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Dorcy 41-2510 4 LED Carabineer Floating Waterproof Flashlight with Batteries
List Price: |
DescriptionThe 3AA - 4 LED Carabineer Flashlight features a waterproof design with floatability. This flashlight is constructed with shock absorbing rubber around the head and the body of the light. The rubber design around the body allows for a slip-free comfortable grip, ensuring stability and durability... |
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Streamlight 73001 Nano Light Miniature Keychain LED Flashlight, Black
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DescriptionAn extremely small and super-bright light, the Streamlight Nano Light Keychain Flashlight is a lightweight, easy-to-access flashlight for everyday tasks at work or at home. With a nonrotating Snap Hook for attaching to key rings, backpacks, clothing, and more, the Nano Light features a high-intensity, 100,000-hour LED that will last up to eight hours on four alkaline button cell batteries (included)... |
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Ultrafire Wf 502b Cree Xml T6 3 Mode Cree Led Flashlight 900 Lumens w/ Integrated Belt Clip
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Descriptionpackage includes? 1 X falshlight |
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Flashlight Bulb Led Upgrade - 450+ lumens - CREE R5 Single Mode Drop-in - P60 design: Surefire, Hugsby, Etc.
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DescriptionDON'T BUY A NEW FLASHLIGHT! UPGRADE THE ONE YOU ALREADY OWN! INCREASED BRIGHTNESS |
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Dorcy 41-1643 30 Lumen 3 Volt LED Replacement Bulb
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DescriptionDorcy 3V LED Replacement Bulbs are specifically designed to work in flashlights to deliver light where you need it. These Dorcy flashlight accessories are built with a high attention to detail and quality... |
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Welch Allyn Halogen Professional PenLite
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DescriptionThe Welch Allyn Halogen PenLite Model 76600 features high-quality, halogen illumination in a portable hand-held light. PRODUCT FEATURES: Bright, while halogen light for true tissue color rendition. Durable, solid brass construction... |
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Super Bright CREE Led 500 Lumen K8 Flashlight Torch Lamp with 18650 Battery, car charger, lamp charger, 3 switch Mode
Sale Price: $19.98 |
DescriptionCondition: Brand New Output bright can come to above 500 lumens [lm] Aluminum alloy casing Waterproofing design Model of LED: CREE LED Colour : Black Battery colour: red or blue Maximum range?400m Battery:18650 Flashlight dimming: 3 files 3 Switch Mode: Strong Brightness / Normal Brightness / Flashing Continuous lighting time: 4 hours Life span:100,000 hours Rechargeable time: 2-5 hours Weight:150g Length:167mm Environment: everyday carry, camping, hiking, night riding, caving, hunting Outdoor Projects: fishing, driving, hiking, camping Package Included: 100% Brand New 1 x CREE LED Rechargeable Flashlight Torch 1 X Charger for this flashlight 1 X Car charger 1 x 18650 Rechargeable Battery |
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Fenix 760-lumen 8XAA 3X Cree XP-G LED R5 Flashlight Black - Fenix TK45
Sale Price: $129.95 |
DescriptionFenix TK45 760-lumen 8XAA 3X Cree XP-G LED R5 Flashlight Black. |
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UltraFire 18650 3000mAh 3.7V Rechargeable Li-Ion Battery (Pair) + Charger Combo
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DescriptionIndicator light lets you know when charging is complete. |
The Real Reason for Throw - an in depth examination
I have seen a need in recent times to create a thread that will help people to understand the physics behind throw. It can be a very difficult thing to understand as intuition would tell you that a 2000 lumen light would out-throw a 300 lumen light every time. This is not necessarily the case for a variety of reasons. The recently released Olight SR90 seems to have shown light on a lack of true understanding among the CPF populace as to what makes a light throw. The reason for this confusion seems to stem from its extraordinary performance in the throw category while at the same time being an ultra-large die LED. People assume that it out throws the smaller die lights like the DBS because it is just putting out so much more light. There is no such thing as just using brute force to overpower the weaker small die LED lights. So what is it?
Let's try and understand the fundamentals and the reasons that one light has more throw than another. We will examine HID, incandescent, and LED flashlights and the various collimation methods used to create throw.
I am starting this thread even though I don't have the time to have it be fully featured like I would like but we can get the conversation rolling and I would appreciate any suggestions from those of you out there that might have a good way to illustrate it in a way that is easily understandable. Please refrain from saying what you think is the truth. This thread is intended to be a resource for CPF and to clear up confusion not create it so please think and read before you post. Questions are good and can help to refine the information or layout of the first post if some have a hard time understanding with the given information or layout. I will work as best as I can as time permits to refine this thread's first post.
Reading notes-The intent of this is to enlighten the CPF layperson and therefore strays away from uber technical terms such as luminance or the adherence to literal or arcane understandings of such words as throw. I use terms that are in common use here on CPF but the scientific principles that this "argument" is based on is intended to be sound. I do not wish to hear from those who are trying to be overly literal or picky in the minutia. If there is a fundamental flaw in the arguments presented here then please speak up.
A request has been made to include a comprehensive definition of what "throw", as it relates to our usage in the flashlight word, means.
As with most things I do there was a great deal of thought that went behind it so before making suggestions otherwise think it through and have a well reasoned "argument" for its change if you see the need.
It all starts with this one basic thing. This is the foundation. The higher the surface brightness the more the throw potential. This does not guarantee the most throw however as there are a lot of other factors that can ruin all that potential.
So what do we mean by surface brightness?
It can be defined as a characteristic of a light-source by which emitted light at the emitter's surface can be ranked from light to dark in correlation with its intensity.
Surface brightness is not dependent on the area of the emitter but the saturation of light within the area. The use of area in respect to surface brightness is only to quantify what the actual relative surface brightness is.
The emitter in the second picture can be said to have higher surface brightness. The LED die in this instance is aprx. 1mmx1mm. If the first emitter is putting out 10 lumens and the second one 100lumens you can calculate that the second one has 10X the surface brightness of the first one.
The very same thing applies to incandescent lights. The filament is the same for both pictures but one has more power going to it and therefore it is putting out more lumens. Since the area that emits light has not increased, only the amount of lumens in that area, we know that it has higher surface brightness.
If you have two lights of exactly the same spec in every way except the LED in one has higher surface brightness, the one with higher surface brightness will throw farther every single time. There are no exceptions to this unless you are God and can change the laws of the universe.
How can I say this with such certainty? Grab one of your multi-mode lights. Which setting does the light throw farther on? High or low? The only variable you have changed in this equation is surface brightness. You have increased the amount of lumens created without making the size of the LED die any larger thereby increasing the intensity. That means that on high there is now more light in the same amount of space(at the die level) and therefore it(the die) must have a higher surface brightness.
How do we figure out the relative surface brightness of say an LED of 9 square mm(SST90) vs an LED with only one square mm of emitting space(XR-E)? You need two crucial bits of information to make a calculation. Total lumen output and surface area of the emitter.
The top bin XR-E@1A(max per spec) puts out 270lumens inside of its 1mmx1mm box. 270 divided by the area(1mm square) gives us a figure of 270. Now let's do that with the SST90.
The top bin SST90 at maximum current is putting out 2250lumens inside of its 3mmx3mm box(9 square mm). To get the surface brightness calculation we take the lumens(2250) and divide that by the area(9) which gives us a figure of 250.
So at maximum spec the XR-E's surface brightness is 270 vs the SST90's 250. That means the XR-E has more throw potential than the SST90.
This same formula can be done with any type of light emitter such as HID or incandescent sources but it is far more difficult to figure out what your surface area is with these types of lights due to their 3 dimensional nature. Since LEDs are very easy to find the surface area of I have used those as examples.
Distance to Reflective/Refractive surfaces
This area of concern is a huge determining factor in how concentrated the beam from a light is. First there are some things we need to know to set this up so it will take a bit before you realize how this all relates to the distance of the surfaces away from the emitter.
Collimated light is light that is parallel or close to parallel when leaving the light. This means the beam does not spread very fast. Collimation allows a concentration and transmission of light farther than it would otherwise be capable of. This collimated light forms what is known as the "hotspot" of the beam.
Collimation in the truest sense of the word is not possible in the real world as it would require a point of light infinitely small. Assuming you did have the impossible point source of light, and this point was at the reflector or len's focal point, the resultant beam would never grow any larger than when it left the light. If I shone a light with a diameter of 80mm towards the moon there would be an 80mm beam of light on the moon.
Here in the real world we make due with collimation that we might call "good enough". Collimation in the real world is a relative term as there are degrees in the amount of collimization from light to light. All of our light sources in the universe regardless of what kind they are(xenon, LED, incandescence, stars) emit their light from an area not a point. Because the light is being emitted from an area and not a point we now have to contend with divergence.
What do we mean by divergence? At the root of that word it means it is diverging from something. From what? It is diverging from perfect collimation. The light emitted from the very center of the source, say an LED die, does come close to perfect collimation. The light from the edge of the LED however is not at the exact focal point(notice point not area) of the lens or reflector. (Keep in mind that while we can never have a point source light emitter, all of our collimation methods "require" a point source. NO EXCEPTIONS!) Only the center of the emitter can be there. Sure you "could" move the edge of the LED die to be in the perfect focal point of the lens but then the center of the LED is no longer at the focal point.
Distance as it relates to reflectors
The beam from a reflector consists of an infinite amount of images of the source laid one over the other. Imagine for a second we were only dealing with one teeny tiny spot on that reflector-say the middle. The beam that is projected will be an image of the emitter albeit very dim. Now move to a spot directly to the side(not closer or farther to the emitter). The same thing happens here. Light from points all across the emitter shine at that tiny spot on the reflector and the beam sent out will be another image. However since you have moved to the side, essentially circling the emitter it(LED's image) will be rotated slightly from the other one. You can repeat this infinitely going around the reflector so that you have image over image over image. This repeated overlapping eventually creates a circle instead of a single image as you would have with an optic.
Now while the basics of what I just described do not change when you move closer or farther to the emitter one thing does change. The size of image that teeny tiny spot projects. The closer that tiny spot is to the emitter the larger the emitter appears just as someone far away appears tiny to you even though your brain knows otherwise. So that tiny spot close in throws an image of the emitter but larger than when we were in the middle of the reflector. And the opposite is true when we move to the outer rim of the reflector. From this vantage point the emitter looks much smaller. Therefore the image thrown is much smaller. Now remember that this whole process is just laying image over image.
So you want to know what part of the projected beam consists of what images? Let's start in the center of the projected beam or the beam you would see on a white wall at 20 feet or so(beam has to have space to mature). The most intense round spot you see is mostly what has been reflected by the outer area of the reflector. It also consists of the less intense and larger images created by the lower portions of the reflector. So all of the reflector contributes to the center of the projected beam but the outer portions of the reflector do not add any intensity to the outer areas of the projected beam.
So to recap. The images from the outer portions of the reflector are the smallest. As we move closer the images get larger.
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